Semantic equivalence of the Brazilian version of the Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire (B-PSQ)

Abstract The Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire (PSQ) is a self-administered instrument to assess adolescent patients' satisfaction with orthodontic treatment. A pre-existing North American instrument was further explored in the Netherlands. Semantic equivalence is part of cross-cultural adaptation and is necessary to achieve a valid and reliable instrument for a specific culture. The present study aimed to evaluate the semantic equivalence of the items, subscales, and overall PSQ between the original English version and the Brazilian Portuguese language version (B-PSQ). The PSQ has 58 items, distributed across 6 subscales: doctor-patient relationship, situational aspects of the clinic, dentofacial improvement, psychosocial improvement, dental function, and a residual category. Semantic equivalence was evaluated according to the following methods: (1) independent translations to Portuguese by two translators, both native in Brazilian Portuguese and fluent in English; (2) an expert committee drafted the first summarized version in Portuguese; (3) two independent back-translations into English by two native English-speaking translators fluent in Portuguese; (4) committee review; (5) committee drafted a summarized version of the back-translations; (6) expert committee drafted the second summarized version in Portuguese; (7) pre-test of the instrument using individual semi-structured interviews with 10 adolescents; (8) review and final version of the B-PSQ. Semantic equivalence between the original and the Brazilian versions of the questionnaire was achieved through diligent and rigorous methods, with effective translation and expert evaluations, incorporating the opinions of the target population.

Resumo O Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire (PSQ) é um instrumento autorrelatado específico para avaliar a satisfação de pacientes adolescentes com o tratamento ortodôntico. Um instrumento norte-americano pré-existente foi mais explorado na Holanda. A equivalência semântica faz parte da adaptação transcultural e é necessária para se obter um instrumento válido e confiável para uma cultura específica. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a equivalência semântica dos itens, subescalas e escore geral do PSQ entre a versão original em inglês e a versão em português do Brasil (B-PSQ). O PSQ possui 58 itens, distribuídos em 6 subescalas; relação médico-paciente, aspectos situacionais da clínica, melhora dentofacial, melhora psicossocial, função dentária e uma categoria residual. A equivalência semântica foi avaliada de acordo com o seguinte método: 1) traduções independentes para o português por dois tradutores, ambos nativos em português brasileiro e fluentes em inglês; 2) um comitê de experts elaborou a primeira versão síntese em português; 3) duas retro-traduções independentes para o inglês por dois tradutores nativos de língua inglesa fluentes em português; 4) revisão do comitê; 5) o comitê elaborou uma versão síntese das retro-traduções; 6) comitê de experts redigiu a segunda versão síntese em português; 7) pré-teste do instrumento por meio de entrevistas individuais semiestruturadas com 10 adolescentes; 8) revisão e versão final do B-PSQ. A equivalência semântica entre as versões original e brasileira do questionário foi alcançada por meio de métodos cuidadosos e rigorosos, com tradução eficaz e avaliações de experts, incorporando as opiniões da população-alvo.

Consistency of recommendations of clinical practice guidelines in periodontology: a systematic review

Abstract The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the methodological quality and the consistency of recommendations of clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) in Periodontology. An electronic search was conducted in two databases, MEDLINE and EMBASE, eight CPGs databases, and home pages of scientific societies in Periodontology up to April 2022. Three reviewers independently assessed methodological quality using the AGREE II instrument. In addition, we evaluated the consistency of the recommendations. Eleven CPGs were included, and the topics developed focused on prevention, diagnosis, risk factors, surgical and non-surgical periodontal treatment, antimicrobial therapy, root coverage, and maintenance. We found that the AGREE domains 2 (Stakeholder involvement) and 5 (Applicability) obtained the lowest scores. Domains 1 (Scope and purpose), 3 (Rigor of development) and 4 (Clarity of presentation) obtained the highest scores among the evaluated CPGs. The clinical recommendations for treatment of periodontal diseases were mostly consistent. Overall, the quality of CPGs used in periodontics was high. There was consistency of recommendations in specific fields. These findings may help researchers to promote CPGs focused on different fields of periodontics that have not yet been developed. Furthermore, the clinician will be able to make better clinical decisions.

Methodological quality of network meta-analysis in dentistry: a meta-research

Abstract This meta-research aimed to provide an overview of the methodological quality and risk of bias of network meta-analyses (NMA) in dentistry. Searches for NMA of randomized clinical trials with clinical outcomes in dentistry were performed in databases up to January 2022. Two reviewers independently screened titles/abstracts, selected full texts, and extracted the data. The adherence to PRISMA-NMA reporting guideline, the AMSTAR-2 methodological quality tool, and the ROBIS risk of bias tool were assessed in the studies. Correlation between the PRISMA-NMA adherence and the AMSTAR-2 and ROBIS results was also investigated. Sixty-two NMA studies were included and presented varied methodological quality. According to AMSTAR-2, half of the NMA presented moderate quality (n = 32; 51.6%). The adherence to PRISMA-NMA also varied. Only 36 studies (58.1%) prospectively registered the protocol. Other issues lacking of reporting were data related were data related to the NMA geometry and the assessment of results consistency, and the evaluation of risk of bias across the studies. ROBIS assessment showed a high risk of bias mainly for domains 1 (study eligibility criteria) and 2 (identification and selection of studies). Correlation coefficients between the PRISMA-NMA adherence and the AMSTAR-2 and ROBIS results showed moderate correlation (rho < 0.6). Overall, NMA studies in dentistry were of moderate quality and at high risk of bias in several domains, especially study selection. Future reviews should be better planned and conducted and have higher compliance with reporting and quality assessment tools.

Guía de práctica clínica para el tratamiento de infecciones odontogénicas en el Seguro Social de Salud del Perú (EsSalud) / Clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of odontogenic infection of the Peruvian Health Social Security (EsSalud)

Introducción. El presente artículo resume las recomendaciones basadas en evidencias de la guía de práctica clínica (GPC) para el tratamiento de los pacientes con infecciones odontogénicas (absceso dentoalveolar, celulitis facial y absceso cervicofacial) en el Seguro Social de Salud del Perú (EsSalud). Objetivo. Brindar recomendaciones clínicas basadas en evidencia para el tratamiento de pacientes con infecciones odontogénicas en EsSalud. Métodos. Se conformó un grupo elaborador de la guía (GEG) que incluyó cirujanos dentistas, especialistas y metodólogos. El GEG formuló cuatro preguntas clínicas a ser respondidas en la presente GPC. Se realizó búsquedas sistemáticas de revisiones sistemáticas y cuando fue considerado pertinente­ estudios primarios en PubMed y CENTRAL durante el año 2019. Se seleccionó la evidencia para responder cada una de las preguntas clínicas planteadas. La certeza de la evidencia fue evaluada usando la metodología Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE). En reuniones de trabajo periódicas, el GEG usó la metodología GRADE para revisar la evidencia y formular las recomendaciones, los puntos de buena práctica clínica y el flujo- grama de tratamiento. Finalmente, la GPC fue aprobada con Resolución N° 067­IET- SI-ESSALUD-2020. Resultados. La presente GPC abordó cuatro preguntas clínicas, divididas en dos temas: manejo farmacológico y manejo quirúrgico de las infecciones odontogénicas. En base a dichas preguntas se formularon seis recomendaciones fuertes, dos recomendaciones condicionales, 11 puntos de buena práctica clínica, y un flujograma. Conclusión. El presente artículo resume la metodología y las conclusiones basadas en evidencias de la GPC para tratamiento de las infecciones odontogénicas (absceso dentoalveolar, celulitis facial y absceso cervicofacial) en EsSalud.

Introduction. This article summarizes the evidence-based recommendations of the clinical practice guide (CPG) for the treatment of patients with odontogenic infections (dentoalveolar abscess, facial cellulitis and cervicofacial abscess) in the Social Security of Health of Peru (EsSalud). Objective. To provide evidence-based clinical recommendations for the treatment of patients with odontogenic infections in EsSalud. Methods. A guideline development group (GEG) was formed that included dental surgeons, specialists, and methodologists. The GEG formulated four clinical questions to be answered in this CPG. We conducted systematic searches for systematic reviews and when deemed relevant - primary studies in PubMed and CENTRAL during 2019. The evidence was selected to answer each of the clinical questions posed. The certainty of the evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology. In periodic work meetings, the GEG used the GRADE methodology to review the evidence and formulate the recommendations, the points of good clinical practice and the treatment flow chart. Finally, the CPG was approved with Resolution No. 067 ­ IETSI-ESSALUD-2020. Results. This CPG addressed four clinical questions, divided into two topics: pharmacological management and surgical management of odontogenic infections. Based on these questions, six strong recommen- dations were formulated, two conditional recommendations, 11 points of good clinical practice, and a flow chart. Conclusion. This article summarizes the methodology and evidence-based conclusions of the CPG for the treatment of odontogenic infections (dentoalveolar abscess, facial cellulitis and cervicofacial abscess) in EsSalud.

Does oral lichen planus aggravate the state of periodontal disease? A systematic review and meta-analysis

OBJETIVO: O objetivo desta revisão sistemática e metanálise (SRM) foi avaliar as evidências entre a associação de líquen plano oral (OLP) e doença periodontal, avaliando os parâmetros clínicos periodontais e os níveis de biomarcadores. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Esta revisão sistemática e meta-análise seguiu PRISMA e foi registrada no PROSPERO (CRD42020181513). Foram realizadas buscas em bases de dados de artigos publicados até junho de 2021. A metanálise foi realizada com as variáveis: índice de placa (PI), índice gengival (GI), profundidade de sondagem (PD) e perda de inserção clínica (CAL). A diferença média foi aplicada com intervalo de confiança de 95%. RESULTADOS: 6 artigos foram incluídos. A análise qualitativa mostrou que os níveis de biomarcadores (metaloproteinases de matriz, interleucinas e perfil microbiológico periodontal) estão aumentados em indivíduos com doença periodontal e líquen plano oral. Na metanálise, esses indivíduos também apresentaram aumentos em todos os parâmetros clínicos periodontais avaliados: GI­ gengivite 0,22 [0,14, 0,31] p< 0,0001 e periodontite 0,12 [0,06, 0,19] p=0,0003; PI­ gengivite 0,22 [0,12, 0,31] p< 0,0001 e periodontite 0,15 [0,08, 0,23] p< 0,0001; PD­ gengivite 0,27 [0,06; 0,48] p=0,0107 e periodontite 0,11 [0,01; 0,21] p=0,0299; e CA ­ periodontite 0,06 [0,01, 0,12] p=0,0176. CONCLUSÕES: Evidências sugerem uma relação significativa entre a gravidade da doença periodontal e a presença de líquen plano oral. RELEVÂNCIA CLÍNICA: Este SRM fornece informações sobre a interação entre OLP e a doença periodontal e orienta os médicos a tomar decisões baseadas em evidências e sugere recomendações para estudos adicionais de alta qualidade(AU)

BACKGROUND: The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis (SRM) was to assess the evidence between the association of oral lichen planus (OLP) and periodontal disease, evaluating the periodontal clinical parameters and biomarkers levels. METHODS: This systematic review and meta-analysis followed PRISMA and was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020181513). Searches were accomplished in databases for articles published until June 2021. The meta-analysis was performed with the variables: plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment loss (CAL). The mean difference was applied with a 95% confidence interval. RESULTS: 6 articles were included. Qualitative analysis showed the levels of biomarkers (matrix metalloproteinases, interleukins, and periodontal microbiological profile) are increased in subjects with periodontal disease and oral lichen planus. In the meta-analysis, these subjects also presented increases in all periodontal clinical parameters evaluated: GI­ gingivitis 0.22 [0.14, 0.31] p < 0.0001 and periodontitis 0.12 [0.06, 0.19] p =0.0003; PI­ gingivitis 0.22 [0.12, 0.31] p < 0.0001 and periodontitis 0.15 [0.08, 0.23] p < 0.0001; PD­ gingivitis 0.27 [0.06; 0.48] p=0.0107 and periodontitis 0.11 [0.01; 0.21] p=0.0299; and CA ­ periodontitis 0.06 [0.01, 0.12] p=0.0176. CONCLUSIONS: Evidence suggests a significant relationship between the severity of periodontal disease and the presence of oral lichen planus. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This SRM provides information on the interaction between OLP and periodontal disease and guides clinicians to make evidence-based decisions and suggests recommendations for further high-quality studies(AU)

How to use the Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials (SPIRIT) in orthodontic research

ABSTRACT Introduction: Clinical trial protocols are essential documents that serve as a basis for research planning. The Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials (SPIRIT) statement aimed to increase the transparency and integrity of clinical trial protocols. Objectives: This paper described the main aspects of the SPIRIT, highlighting the importance of using this guideline in Orthodontics. Results: The SPIRIT is composed of 33 items and the diagram, which were presented and explained. Conclusion: The use of the SPIRIT checklist must become essential to increase the transparency and integrity of more reliable and less biased clinical trials in orthodontic research, improving the quality of future publications in this field.

RESUMO Introdução: Protocolos de ensaios clínicos são documentos essenciais, que servem como base para o planejamento da pesquisa. As diretrizes do Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials (SPIRIT) objetivam aumentar a transparência e a integridade dos protocolos de ensaios clínicos. Objetivos: O presente trabalho descreve os principais aspectos do SPIRIT, destacando a importância do uso dessas diretrizes na Ortodontia. Resultados: O SPIRIT é composto por 33 itens e 1 diagrama, que foram aqui apresentados e explicados. Conclusão: O uso do checklist SPIRIT deve se tornar essencial, para aumentar a transparência e a integridade de ensaios clínicos na pesquisa ortodôntica, tornando-os mais confiáveis e menos tendenciosos, melhorando, dessa forma, a qualidade das futuras publicações nessa área.

Evidencia basada en la práctica: conocimientos, percepciones y comportamiento de los estudiantes de primer año de Odontología / Evidence-based practice: knowledge, perceptions, and behavior of first year dental students

La Odontología basada en la evidencia permite tomar decisiones clínicas fundamentadas en investigaciones actuales apoyadas en la mejor evidencia disponible, integrando la experiencia clínica con las preferencias y necesidades de los pacientes. Objetivo: el objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el estado inicial de los conocimientos, actitudes, acceso y confianza acerca de los principios de la Evidencia Basada en la Práctica de los estudiantes de primer año de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad Mayor de San Simón. Métodos: estudio descriptivo, prospectivo y transversal que aplicó el formulario KACE validado por Hendricson, que consta de 35 ítems dividido en cuatro áreas: Conocimientos, Actitudes, Acceso, Confianza. Resultados: los estudiantes participantes (n=239), presentaron en el Área Conocimiento 62,76 %; registraron respuestas correctas acerca del conocimiento de estudio de casos. Área Actitudes 67,37 % indicó estar de acuerdo con la atención del paciente, basada en evidencia. Área Acceso a la Evidencia 40,17 %, de los estudiantes acceden a libros de texto en búsqueda de información; Área Confianza en las habilidades de evaluación crítica 45,61% indicaron tener algo de confianza a acerca de la adecuación del tamaño de la muestra. Conclusión: de acuerdo a los resultados de este estudio, se debe profundizar la capacitación de conocimientos acerca de la Odontología Basada en la Práctica. En cuanto a actitudes los resultados muestran el interés de los estudiantes, en el área de acceso existen limitaciones, y acerca del área de confianza en las habilidades de evaluación crítica, los estudiantes registraron un valor regular.

Evidence-based Dentistry allows clinical decisions based on current research supported by the best available evidence, integrating the clinical experience, with the preferences and needs of the patients. Objective: the objective of this article was to determine the initial state of knowledge, attitudes, access, and confidence about the principles of Evidence Based on Practice of first-year students at Dental School at the San Simón University. Methods: descriptive, prospective cross-sectional study that applied the KACE form validated by Hendricson in 2012, consists of 35 items divided into four categories: Knowledge, Attitudes, Access, Confidence. Results: the students who participated (n=239) registered in Knowledge category 62.76% correct answers about case study knowledge. In Attitudes category 67.37 % indicated they agree with the evidence-based patient care. Access to Evidence category 40.17% of the students' access textbooks in search of information; Confidence category in critical evaluation skill 45.61% indicated having some confidence about the adequacy of the sample size. Conclusion: according to the results, the training of knowledge about Practice Based Dentistry should be deepened. Regarding attitudes, the results indicate student interest; in access to evidence, students registered a fair value in confidence in critical assessment.

Benefícios e malefícios durante o procedimento de clareamento dental: revisão integrativa / Benefits and harms during the dental bleaching procedure: integrative review

Existem técnicas amplamente utilizadas na atualidade e diversos tipos de substâncias clareadoras em diferentes formas de apresentação que podem implicar no procedimento quando se é executado podendo trazer benefícios e/ou malefícios. O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma revisão integrativa da literatura acercar dos benefícios e/ou malefícios existente durante o processo de clareamento dental, nas bases de dados Lilacs e Pubmed, utilizando os descritores "Clareamento Dental"; "Odontologia baseada em evidências" e "Estética Dentária". Os critérios de inclusão foram artigos completos, nas línguas inglesa e portuguesa, indexados no período de 2010 a 2020. Após os artigos serem filtrados, 5.929 foram encontrados, e a partir destes, 9 artigos apresentaram informações que estavam relacionados com a temática a ser proposta. A partir da analise ficou explicito que a realização de um procedimento consciente de todas as etapas, com conhecimento da técnica e indicação é necessária para que se tenha sucesso(AU)

There are techniques used today and several types of whitening substances in different forms of presentation that may involve the procedure when it is possible to bring benefits and / or harms. The aim of this study was to carry out an integrative literature review about the benefits and / or harms that exist during the tooth whitening process, in the Lilacs and Pubmed databases, using the descriptors "Dental Whitening"; "Evidence-based dentistry" and "Dental Aesthetics". The inclusion criteria were complete articles, in English and Portuguese, indexed in the period from 2010 to 2020. After the articles were filtered, 5,929 were found, and from these, 9 articles presented information that was related to the theme to be proposed. From the analysis it was made explicit that the performance of a conscious procedure of all stages, with knowledge of the technique and indication is necessary for success(AU)

Management of dental caries lesions in Latin American and Caribbean countries

Abstract Caries management at the lesion level is dependent on the lesion activity, the presence of a cavitation (either cleanable or non-cleanable), and lesion depth as evaluated via radiographic examination. A variety of non-invasive, micro-invasive, and minimally invasive treatment (with or without restoration) options are available for primary and permanent teeth. Non-invasive strategies include oral hygiene instructions, dietary counseling, and personal as well as professional use of fluoridated products that reduce demineralization and increase re-mineralization. Micro-invasive procedures include the use of occlusal resin sealants and resin infiltrants, while minimally invasive strategies comprise those related to selective removal of caries tissues and placement of restorations. Deep caries management includes indirect pulp capping, while exposed pulp may be treated using direct pulp capping and partial or complete pulpotomy. The aim of the present study was to review available evidence on recommended preventive and restorative strategies for caries lesions in Latin American/Caribbean countries, and subsequently develop evidence-based recommendations for treatment options that take into consideration material availability, emphasize ways to adapt available treatments to the local context, and suggest ways in which dentists and health systems can adopt these treatments.

Revisões integrativas: conceitos, planejamento e execução / Integrative reviews: concepts, planning, and execution

Objetivo: Fornecer um guia no formato de checklist para auxiliar pesquisadores na condução de revisões integrativas em Odontologia. Métodos:O guiapara revisões integrativas em Odontologiafoi construído a partir do Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (The PRISMA Statement). Resultados:Para o delineamento de revisões integrativas em Odontologia é preciso percorrer etapas distintas: 1. Identificação do tema (elaboração da pergunta de pesquisa); 2. Estabelecimento dos critérios de elegibilidade de estudos; 3. Busca sistematizada em diversas fontes de informação; 4. Coleta de dados; 5. Análise dos dados; 6. Discussão; 7. Apresentação da revisão/síntese do conhecimento. Os erros mais comuns ao realizar uma revisão integrativa estão relacionados à descrição incompleta ou não realização de etapas importantes, tais como: 1. Processo de seleção das evidências; 2. Estratégia de busca reprodutível; 3. Detalhes relacionados à busca, seleção e inclusão de estudos; 4. Aplicação dos critérios de elegibilidade; 5. Processo de extração dos dados (definição clara dos dados a serem extraídos, número de revisores envolvidos); 6. Apresentação do processo de seleção de estudos no formato de fluxograma; 7. Avaliação da qualidade dos estudos; 8. Síntese dos resultados. Conclusão:O guia para revisões integrativas em Odontologia apresenta utilidade na redução de equívocos metodológicos frequentemente observados nesse desenho de estudo, bem como estimula a condução de trabalhos com delineamentos robustos.

Aim: To provide a checklist to assist researchers in conducting integrative reviews in Dentistry. Methods: This guideline for integrative reviews in Dentistry was designed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes (The PRISMA Statement). Results: Planning integrative reviews in Dentistry involves different stages: 1. Identification of the theme (elaboration of the research question); 2. Establishment of eligibility criteria; 3. Systematized search in several databases and other data sources; 4. Data collection; 5. Data analysis; 6. Discussion; 7. Report on the review/summary of findings. The most common errors when conducting an integrative review are related to incomplete description or failure to perform important steps, such as: 1. Evidence synthesis; 2. A reproducible search strategy; 3. Details related to studies' search, screening, selection; 4. Clear state eligibility criteria; 5. Data extraction process (clear definition of the data to be extracted, number of reviewers involved); 6. Presentation studies' screening and selection process in a flowchart format; 7. Evaluation of the quality of the studies; 8. Summary of the findings. Conclusion:A guideline for integrative reviews in Dentistry intends to reduce methodological issues frequently observed in this study design, as well as to encourage researchers to conduct studies with a robust design.

Are Brazilian dentists and dental students using the ICCC recommendations for caries management?

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate whether dentists and dental undergraduate students know the terminology of the International Caries Consensus Collaboration (ICCC), and make their restorative treatment decisions regarding carious tissue removal accordingly. Data collection was performed using an electronic questionnaire, considering: a) profile of the respondent; b) analysis of four clinical cases with respect to possible management strategies; and c) questions on cariology field terminology. Sample size consisted of 175 dentists and 66 last semester dental students. Statistical analyses were performed comparing profile, type of institution and dental specialty of the participants. Results showed students were less conservative and agreed less with the ICCC than dentists, and private schools, less than public institutions. Private institutions were 12% (95%CI = 0.833-0.949; p = 0.000) more likely to be less updated with the ICCC recommendations than public institutions, and dentists were 20% more likely to agree with them than students (95%CI = 1.118-1.302; p = 0.000). Dentists were 66% more likely to be conservative than students (95%CI = 0.203-0.554; p = 0.000); dentists and students who graduated or were graduating from public universities were twice as likely to be conservative as those from private universities (95%CI = 1.336-3.333; p = 0.001). In conclusion, students in the last semester are less conservative than dentists, and respondents who graduated or were graduating from public dental schools were more aligned with the current concepts of the ICCC. Several answers were not aligned with ICCC directives, thus showing that management of deep carious lesions still causes restorative therapeutic insecurity.

Resumen estructurado de Revisiones Sistemáticas (FRISBEE) / Summary of the Body of Evidence (FRISBEE)

RESUMEN: Las revisiones sistemáticas corresponden al máximo nivel de evidencia y son la principal herramienta para resolver incertidumbres clínicas(1). Sin embargo, dado sus características, presentan desventajas para su aplicación rápida y sencilla(2). Dado lo anterior es que se han creado nuevos formatos dentro de los que se incluyen los resúmenes estructurados de revisiones sistemáticas, dentro de los que se incluyen los Friendly Summary Of The Body Of Evidence (FRISBEE) (4). El proceso de elaboración de un FRISBEE comienza, como toda búsqueda de evidencia, con el planteamiento de una pregunta clínica estructurada y específica con la cual se desarrollará una búsqueda en la base de datos Epistemonikos que arrojará todas las revisiones sistemáticas atingentes. De ellas, se deben seleccionar las que respondan la pregunta clínica planteada y, a partir de ellas, se analizarán los estudios primarios de manera tal que se pueda obtener un resultado global de la evidencia, el grado de certeza de la misma, una conclusión y mensajes claves al respecto. El resultado final es un resumen de la evidencia en relación a una pregunta determinada que contempla la información contenida en todas las revisiones sistemáticas publicadas. Su utilidad e importancia está determinada debido a que facilitan la aplicabilidad clínica de la evidencia disminuyendo la complejidad de lectura e incorporando aspectos prácticos tanto para el clínico como el paciente.

ABSTRACT: Systematic reviews are the highest level of evidence and the main tool for resolving clinical uncertainties(1). However, due to their characteristics, their quick and easy application(2) presents disadvantages. That is why new formats have been created, comprising the structured summaries of systematic reviews, including the Friendly Summary Of The Body Of Evidence (FRISBEE) (4). The process of elaboration of a FRISBEE begins, like any search of evidence, with the approach of a structured and specific clinical question and the development of a search in the Epistemonikos database that will yield all the pertinent systematic reviews. Of these, those that answer the clinical question should be selected and, based on them, the primary studies will be analyzed to get a global result of the evidence, its degree of certainty, conclusions and key messages in this regard. The final result is a summary of the evidence related to a specific question that includes the information contained in all published systematic reviews. Its usefulness and importance is determined because it facilitates the clinical applicability of the evidence, decreasing the reading complexity and incorporating practical aspects for both the clinician and the patient.

Stability analysis of bitemarks in different conditions of time and temperature and its reliability as evidence in criminal investigations

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the stability of bite marks in foods in different conditions of time and temperature and their reliability as evidenced in criminal investigations. Sampling came from 20 subjects, who were instructed to bite five pieces of cheese and five pieces of chocolate. Bites were produced by the anterior teeth, from canine to canine, and the volunteers had their dental arches molded to obtain plaster models that were used for later comparison. The samples produced by each participant were stored and analyzed according to the temperature (room and refrigerator) and time period (immediately after, three days, seven days). The linear model with mixed effects using R Core Team and SAS Statistical Software were used for the statistical analysis. The results of this study reveal that the storage temperature of these materials does not exert a significant influence. Both chocolate and cheese showed better results when measurements were made shortly after, however the chocolate showed to be more stable in longer periods of time. By means of this study, it was possible to demonstrate that the storage temperature does not exert a significant influence. However, the bite marks found in foods with greater dimensional stability and short time intervals, are more reliable and allow their use as evidence in criminal investigations. Still, due to the limitations presented, we recommend its use for the exclusion of possible suspects and not for the suspects identification.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a estabilidade das marcas de mordida em alimentos em diferentes condições de tempo e temperatura e sua confiabilidade como evidência em investigações criminais. A amostragem foi composta por 20 indivíduos, que foram instruídos a morder cinco pedaços de queijo e cinco pedaços de chocolate. As mordidas foram produzidas pelos dentes anteriores, de canino a canino, e os sujeitos da pesquisa tiveram seus arcos dentais moldados para obter modelos que foram usados para posterior comparação. As amostras produzidas por cada participante foram armazenadas e analisadas de acordo com a temperatura (ambiente e geladeira) e período de tempo (imediatamente, após três dias e sete dias). Para a análise estatística, utilizou-se o modelo linear com efeitos mistos, utilizando R Core Team e SAS Statistical Software. Os resultados deste estudo revelam que a temperatura de armazenamento desses materiais não exerce influência significativa. Tanto o chocolate quanto o queijo apresentaram melhores resultados quando as mensurações foram feitas logo após, porém o chocolate mostrou-se mais estável em períodos mais longos. Por meio deste estudo, foi possível demonstrar que a temperatura de armazenamento não exerce influência significativa. Entretanto, as marcas de mordida encontradas em alimentos com maior estabilidade dimensional e intervalos de tempo curtos são mais confiáveis e permitem seu uso como evidência em investigações criminais. Ainda assim, devido às limitações apresentadas, recomendamos seu uso para a exclusão de possíveis suspeitos e não para a individualização dos mesmos.

Clinical practice guidelines for the surgical endodontic management of post-treatment periapical disease / Guía de práctica clínica para el manejo quirúrgico en endodoncia de la enfermedad periapical postratamiento

ABSTRACT Introduction: in Colombia, persisting post-endodontic disease has been reported by up to 45%, validating the use of secondary alternative therapies, like endodontic microsurgery (EM). The aim of this study was to systematically-and with reliable scientific evidence-develop de Novo Clinical Practice Guidelines for the surgical endodontic management of post-treatment periapical disease (PPD), with more accurate recommendations for therapeutic decisions and preferences consulted with both practitioners and patients. Method: the guidelines developers team identified EM as a topic in the literature and established the scope, objective, questions, and outcomes, which were analyzed using the scientific evidence reported in secondary or primary clinical studies. A first screening identified titles and abstracts for each question asked. The validity of the selected studies was quantified with tools like AMSTAR or SIGN. Finally, the strength of recommendations and the quality of evidence were confirmed with GRADE. Results: concepts like PPD, EM indication, use of local anesthetics, antibiotics and presurgical anti-inflammatory drugs, effect of magnification, implementation of cone beam computed tomography, hemostasis, retrograde filling, and control time were integrated, supporting each topic with relevant evidence, experts' recommendations, and even good practice points. Conclusions: this document is considered a tool with sufficient evidence for clinical decision-making in EM.

RESUMEN Introducción: en Colombia, la persistencia de enfermedad posendodoncia ha sido reportada hasta en un 45%, lo cual justifica propuestas terapéuticas secundarias, como la microcirugía endodóntica (ME). El objetivo del presente estudio consistió en desarrollar sistemáticamente, y con evidencia científica confiable, una Guía de Práctica Clínica de Novo para el manejo quirúrgico en endodoncia de la enfermedad periapical postratamiento (EPP), con las recomendaciones más acertadas frente a decisiones y preferencias terapéuticas consultadas a profesionales y pacientes. Método: el grupo desarrollador de la guía identificó el tópico ME y estableció el alcance, el objetivo, las preguntas y los desenlaces, analizados mediante la evidencia científica registrada a partir de estudios clínicos secundarios o primarios. Un primer tamizaje identificó títulos y resúmenes para cada pregunta formulada. La validez de los estudios seleccionados se cuantificó con las herramientas AMSTAR o SIGN. Finalmente, la fuerza de las recomendaciones y la calidad de la evidencia se constataron con la herramienta GRADE. Resultados: se integraron los conceptos de EPP, indicación de la ME, uso de anestésicos locales, antibióticos y antinflamatorios prequirúrgicos, efecto de la magnificación, implementación de la tomografía computarizada de haz cónico, hemostasia, materiales de retroobturación y el tiempo de control, sustentando cada tópico con la evidencia, la recomendación de los expertos y en ocasiones con las premisas de las buenas prácticas. Conclusiones: el presente documento se considera una herramienta con suficiente evidencia para la toma de decisiones clínicas en ME.

A contribuição das publicações da revista odontológica e sua importância para a odontologia / The contribution of the journal of dentistry publications and its importance for dentistry

A Revista Odontológica de Araçatuba passou a ser uma revista online com acesso grátis a partir de 2002, sendo difundida para todo o Brasil. Nos últimos anos foi possível observar que essa revista foi indexada no LILACS e esta transitando de um qualis B5 para B4. Dessa forma, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar quantitativamente, entre os períodos de 2012 até 2017, os tipos de artigos publicados na Revista Odontológica de Araçatuba (relato de caso, revisão de literatura ou pesquisa científica) e a origem institucional dos mesmos (UNESP- FOA, misto ou outros centros de ensino), comparando esses resultados com o estudo publicado nessa revista referente ao período de 2001 a 2011. Um levantamento de todos artigos foi realizado dentro desse período (2012-2017). Foram coletados 14 exemplares, totalizando 132 artigos. Os resultados mostraram que 47,45% dos artigos publicados nesse período foram revisões de literatura, 33,33% eram relatos de casos e 19,22% foram pesquisas científicas. Um total de 44,44% das publicações foram oriundas da UNESP-FOA, seguido de 43,70% de outros centros de ensino e 11,70% de publicações mistas entre UNESP-FOA com outras instituições. Portanto houve um aumento de publicações advindas de outros centros de ensino na Revista Odontológica de Araçatuba ao comparar os resultados do presente estudo, com o estudo publicado em 2012(AU)

The Araçatuba Dental Journal has become an online journal with free access since 2002, being pervasive throughout Brazil. In recent years, it has been possible to observe that the journal was indexed by LILACS and is passing from level B5 to level B4. Thus, the goal of the present study was to evaluate quantitatively, over the period of 2012 to 2017, the types of articles published in the Araçatuba Dental Journal (case report, literature review or scientific research) and their institutional origin (UNESP-FOA, mixed or other educational centers), comparing them with a similar study that covered the period of 2001 to 2011. A survey of all articles was carried out during this period (2012-2017). Fourteen copies were collected, totaling 132 articles. The results showed that 47.45% of the articles published in this period were literature reviews, 33.33% were case reports and 19.22% were scientific research. Of all the publications, 44.44% were from UNESP-FOA, 43.70% from other educational centers and 11.70% from mixed publications between UNESP-FOA and other institutions. Therefore, there was an increase in publications from other teaching centers in the Araçatuba Dental Journal when comparing the results of the present study with the study published in 2012(AU)

Caracterização dos ensaios clínicos sobre cárie dentária desenvolvidos no Brasil e registrados no clinical trials: uma análise de 15 anos (2003-2017) / Characterization of clinical trials about caries developed in Brazil and registered on clinical trials: an analysis of 15 years (2003-2017)

Objetivo: Caracterizar os ensaios clínicos sobre cárie dentária desenvolvidos por pesquisadores brasileiros e registrados na plataforma Clinical Trials. Material e método: Tratou-se de estudo bibliográfico sobre a cárie dentária por meio da análise dos registros feitos na plataforma Clinical Trials. O período de busca compreendeu todos os estudos registrados entre os anos de 2003 a 2017. Para a estratégia de pesquisa foi utilizada a palavra-chave "Dental caries" na seção "Condition or disease" e "Brazil" na seção "Country". Os dados foram apresentados por meio de estatística descritiva. Resultados: Foram obtidos 55 ensaios clínicos, constituindo- se o Estado de São Paulo como principal local de execução (51,8%). A amostra variou de três a 800 indivíduos. Quanto à análise do período de registro, a maioria dos ensaios clínicos foram registrados nos últimos cinco anos (2013-2017) (63,6%). A maioria dos ensaios clínicos analisados recrutou crianças entre 0-12 anos (67,7%). Com relação à alocação dos grupos, apenas um estudo (1,8%) não se caracterizou como randomizado. O modelo de intervenção mais frequente foi o paralelo (70,9%). Quanto ao tipo de mascaramento, o estudo cego (34,5%) foi o mais prevalente e os estudos com finalidade terapêutica foram predominantes (67,3%). A maior parte dos estudos dividiu os participantes em dois grupos (67,3%) e não usou grupo placebo (80,0%). Conclusões: Os ensaios clínicos desenvolvidos por pesquisadores brasileiros voltados à temática da cárie dentária são majoritariamente desenvolvidos em crianças, predominando o desenho paralelo e a finalidade terapêutica. Existe grande variabilidade no número amostral, sendo baixo o uso de grupo placebo.

Objectives: To caracterize the clinical trials about dental caries developed by brazilian resourchers and registered on Clinical Trials Plataform. Methods: A bibliographic study about dental caries theme by means of the analysis of registries made at the Clinical Trials, an international plataform for registration of clinical trials. The search included all the registered studies between the years of 2003 and 2017. The search strategy used "dental caries" as key word on section "Condition or disease" and "Brazil" on section "Country". The data were presented through a descriptive statistics. Results: The search obtained 55 (fifty five) clinical trials, having the state of São Paulo as the principal execution place (51,8%). The sample varied between 3 (three) and 800 (eight hundred) individuals. In relation to the period of registry, most of the clinical trials belong to the last 5 (five) years - 2013-2017 (63,6%). Most of clinical trials analyzed had recruited children between 0-12 years (67,7%). With regard to allocation of groups, only 1 (one) study didn't caracterize as randomized. The most frequent intervation model was the parallel (70,9%). As the type of masking, the blind study prevailed and the studies with therapeutic purpose were predominant (67,3%). The most part of studies divided the participants into 2 (two) groups (67,3%) and didn't use a placebo group. Conclusion: The clinical trials developed by brazilian resourchers toward dental caries theme are mostly developed on children, predominating the parallel design and therapeutic purpose. There is large variability on sample numbers, with low use of placebo groups.

Searching and selecting the best evidence efficiently: a tool for clinicians, professors and dental students / Como buscar e selecionar a melhor evidência de forma eficiente: uma ferramenta para cirurgiões-dentistas, professores e alunos de odontologia

ABSTRACT The aim of this article was to offer an efficient systematic search strategy appropriate for clinicians, professors and dental students, for when they have a question regarding the effectiveness of clinical intervention. We adapted the "6-S System" proposed for Medicine in order to build a search strategy focused on oral health, which is speedy, easy to use and arrives at the appropriate evidence. With a focus on validity and search efficiency, the following searching sequence is proposed: critical abstracts of systematic reviews (SR) of randomized controlled trials (RCTs), SR of RCTs, critical abstracts of RCTs, and RCTs. These can be searched in the Cochrane library; evidence-based journals; websites and blogs; and in Pubmed using the tool Clinical Queries. This strategy can enhance the ability to quickly retrieve evidence that is important to dental education, clinical practice and delivery of oral health care. The adoption of strategies such as the one proposed in this paper is likely to increase evidence based dental practice.

RESUMO O objetivo deste artigo foi apresentar uma estratégia de busca sistemática e eficiente, apropriada para cirurgiões-dentistas, professores e alunos de Odontologia, para ser utilizada quando eles tiverem dúvidas sobre a efetividade de uma intervenção clínica. O sistema proposto para a Medicina, chamado de "Sistema 6-S", foi adaptado para que uma estratégia de busca com foco na Odontologia fosse construída. Essa estratégia é fácil e rápida de usar e alcança a melhor evidência científica disponível. A sequência de busca proposta, com foco na validade da evidência e eficiência da busca, consiste em: resumos críticos de revisões sistemáticas (RS) de ensaios controlados randomizados (ECR), RS de ECR, resumos críticos de ECR e, por último, ECR. A busca por esses artigos pode ser feita na biblioteca Cochrane; em revistas de odontologia baseada em evidência; sites da Internet e blogs; e no Pubmed através da ferramenta "Clinical Queries". Essa estratégia pode aprimorar a habilidade de obter rapidamente evidência importante para informar a prática clínica, a educação em Odontologia e o cuidado em saúde bucal. A adoção de estratégias como a proposta neste artigo pode aumentar a prática da Odontologia Baseada em Evidência.

Is there a best conventional material for restoring posterior primary teeth? A network meta-analysis

Abstract This study aimed to compare the longevity of different conventional restorative materials placed in posterior primary teeth. This systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA statement and registered in PROSPERO (CRD42016035775). A comprehensive electronic search without date or language restrictions was performed in PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Scopus, Turning Research Into Practice (TRIP) and Clinical Trials databases up to January 2017, selecting randomized clinical trials that assessed the longevity of at least two different conventional restorative materials performed in primary molars. Seventeen studies were included in this systematic review. Pairwise and network meta-analyses were performed and relative risks and 95% confidence intervals (CI) calculated. Two reviewers independently selected the studies, extracted the data, and assessed the risk of bias. Restorations of primary molars with conventional glass ionomer cement showed increased risk of failure than compomer, resin-modified glass ionomer cement, amalgam, and composite resin. Risk of bias was low in most studies (45.38% of all items across studies). Pediatric dentists should avoid conventional glass ionomer cement for restoring primary molars.